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Phil Collins, b.1970

how to make a refugee1999

‘how to make a refugee’ was filmed during the Kosovo conflict in May 1999 on a trip to Skopje, Macedonia and the refugee camps at Stenkovec and Čegrane.The Kosovo War (1998-99) was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), which had constitutional jurisdiction over the region prior to the war, and the Kosovo Albanian rebel group known as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), with air support from the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). In this work, Collins addresses the depiction of war victims by journalists and documentarians. It captures the moments before, during, and after a photo shoot organised by a team of journalists working in refugee camps in Macedonia. Their subject is a family of Kosovan-Albanian refugees and Collins’ video presents us with a behind-the-scenes look, commenting on the role of the camera in the construction and mediation of identity. His camera notices details that we do not normally see, such as constructing the frame or light-level readings being taken. The news photographer and crew discuss the clothes a wounded teenager is wearing, deciding whether he looks better with or without his baseball cap. We hear an interpreter translating instructions and questions from the crew; however, we learn very little information about the people in the film through this exchange, which is more concerned with arranging the families as a wedding photographer might, asking everyone to look at the lens. ‘how to make a refugee’ is the first video work made by Collins. It represents his longstanding interests in the media’s simplification and reductive categorisations of people in conflict zones, and the complexities of the relationship between subject and the camera. Eschewing the conventions of reportage, ‘how to make a refugee’ invites consideration of a network of incongruity, complicity and shame implicated in the production of images for political instrumentalisation and aesthetic consumption.

MediumSingle-channel video projection: colour, sound
Duration Duration: 12 min
Credit LineIMMA Collection: Purchase, 2004
EditionEdition 2/3
Item NumberIMMA.1656
Copyright For copyright information, please contact the IMMA Collections team: [email protected].
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Image Caption
Phil Collins, how to make a refugee, 1999, Single-channel video projection: colour, sound, Duration: 12 min, Collection Irish Museum of Modern Art, Purchase, 2004

For copyright information, please contact the IMMA Collections team: [email protected].

About the Artist

Phil Collins b.1970

Born in 1970, Collins grew up in the North of England. He studied Drama and English Literature at the University of Manchester, before moving to Belfast to complete an MA in Fine Art at the University of Ulster. He received the Paul Hamlyn Award for Visual Arts in 2001, and was nominated for the Turner Prize in 2006 and Artes Mundi Prize in 2012. Over the last twenty years Collins has gained recognition for ambitious projects which are rooted in a close relationship with place, people and communities. Manifesting as films, installations, performative situations or live events, his work foregrounds the aspects of lived experience, the radical potential of empathy and connection, and voices that have often been disregarded or suppressed. Across different geographies, ethnicities, class, and language – from Europe and the Middle East to South East Asia to North and South Americas – Collins’ approach is guided by an ethos of exchange, exemplified by a commitment to long-term process and engagement with the local context. Over the years his collaborators have included, amongst others, the youth of Baghdad, Palestinian disco dancers, friends and lovers in Belgrade, protagonists of Turkish and British reality TV, the stars of Mexican telenovelas, anti-fascist skinheads in Malaysia, teachers of Marxism-Leninism from the former German Democratic Republic, and men incarcerated in one of the United States' largest maximum security prisons. Reflecting disarming immediacy, while remaining critical of uneven power dynamics and the political economy of culture, Collins’ diverse practice underlines everyday hardships, a shared sense of solidarity, and what it means to relate to one another. Collins is currently based in Berlin and Wuppertal, Germany. He is Professor of Video and Performance at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne.
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